Study of Metabolomics of Salt Tolerance in Thai Rice Varieties
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Abstract
Metabolomics is the analytical study for measuring metabolite changes and their function during growth or under stress conditions, i.e., salt stress. This research aimed to analyze changes in metabolites of Thai rice varieties under salt stress treatment. The experiment was conducted in Pokkali (salt-tolerant rice variety) and IR29 (salt-sensitive rice variety) compared to Khao Dawk Mali 105, Pathum Thani 1 and RD85 under salt stress treatment for 0 1 2 3 4 and 7 days. The analysis of metabolites was conducted by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (GCxGCTOFMS). The results showed significant differences in metabolites, i.e. sugar, organic acid, amino acids, alcohol, fatty acids, organic compounds and amine in each rice variety. The principal component analysis (PCA) displayed a clear distinction between salt tolerant and susceptible rice varieties, which are Pokkali and IR29, respectively, during the salt stress treatment. The difference was found in Pathum Thani 1 and Khao Dawk Mali 105 after 1 and 4 days after salinity treatment which was similar to Pokkali. A significant increase in proline was found in Pokkali and Khao Dawk Mali 105 which proline is an important index for the response of plants to salt stress and relates to osmotic stress tolerance. In addition, hydroxynorvaline was also found in Pokkali which plays a significant role in responses to abiotic stress in plants. Most rice varieties could tolerate in salinity treatment for more than 7 days while IR29 showed senescence and brown leaves after 4 days of salt stress treatment. The influenced metabolic pathways related to salt tolerance were aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. Our findings will lead to a further understanding of the salt tolerance mechanisms in rice and functional analysis of the genes related to the biosynthesis of the metabolites in rice.
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