Farmers' Rights on Plant Genetic Resources
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Abstract
Farmers' Rights on Plant Genetic Resources originated from different motives mainly from the needs of equity between the users and the providers of the plant genetic resources. FAO has recognized farmers' rights since 1989 by describing the term Farmers' Rights as "Rights arising from the past, present and future contributions of farmers in conserving, improving and making available plant genetic resources, particularly those in centers of origin/diversity." These rights are vested in the International Community, as trustee for present and future generations of farmers, for the purpose of ensuring full benefits to farmers and supporting the continuation of their contributions. The Farmers' Rights has been mentioned in the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) on Article 9. India and Peru have passed the Plant Variety Protection Act with rather clear defined the meaning of farmers' rights especially the rights for register of new variety and certification of variety. While there is no direct mentions or clearly defined about farmers' rights in any Thai Law. In addition, the Law related to plant genetic resources such as the Plant Variety Protection Act 1999 and Seed Law Act 1979 amended in 1992 and 2007 also did not mention or gave a clear defined the term Farmers' Rights.
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